Adoption in Pennsylvania involves a legal process that ends the biological parent-child relationship and creates a new one between the child and the adoptive parents. Once finalized, the child receives a new birth certificate, and original records are sealed, though adopted individuals can access medical and social information about their birth parents. The process ensures due process for biological parents and prohibits exploitative practices like “baby selling.” While payment for pregnancy-related expenses is typically allowed, adoptions can occur through public or private agencies or private arrangements.

Legal Effects of Adoption:

  1. Adoptive parents assume all parental rights and responsibilities, and the child gains reciprocal rights and obligations.
  2. Adoptive parents and birth relatives can agree, with court approval, on ongoing contact. For children 12 and older, their consent is also required.

Termination of Parental Rights:
Before an adoption can proceed, biological parental rights must be terminated voluntarily or involuntarily.

  • Voluntary Termination: This involves the surrender of rights by birth parents with consent to adoption, including notification to putative fathers to ensure proper notice and voluntariness.
  • Involuntary Termination: Parental rights cannot be terminated solely due to environmental factors beyond the parents’ control, such as insufficient housing, income, or medical care.

Termination Procedure:
The process involves two steps:

  1. Establishing statutory grounds with clear and convincing evidence.
  2. Demonstrating that termination is in the child’s best interest.

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